Title *

A supergene determines highly divergent male reproductive morphs in the ruffuse asterix (*) to get italics

Authors *

Küpper C, Stocks M, Risse JE, dos Remedios N, Farrell LL, McRae SB, Morgan TC, Karlionova N, Pinchuk P, Verkuil YI, et al.Please use the format "First name initials family name" as in "Marie S. Curie, Niels H. D. Bohr, Albert Einstein, John R. R. Tolkien, Donna T. Strickland"

Year *

2016

Picture *

Abstract *

<p>Three strikingly different alternative male mating morphs (aggressive 'independents', semicooperative 'satellites' and female-mimic 'faeders') coexist as a balanced polymorphism in the ruff, *Philomachus pugnax*, a lek-breeding wading bird1, 2, 3. Major differences in body size, ornamentation, and aggressive and mating behaviors are inherited as an autosomal polymorphism4, 5. We show that development into satellites and faeders is determined by a supergene6, 7, 8 consisting of divergent alternative, dominant and non-recombining haplotypes of an inversion on chromosome 11, which contains 125 predicted genes. Independents are homozygous for the ancestral sequence. One breakpoint of the inversion disrupts the essential CENP-N gene (encoding centromere protein N), and pedigree analysis confirms the lethality of homozygosity for the inversion. We describe new differences in behavior, testis size and steroid metabolism among morphs and identify polymorphic genes within the inversion that are likely to contribute to the differences among morphs in reproductive traits.</p>

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Keywords (optional)

None

Methods that require specific expertise (optional)

NonePlease indicate the methods that may require specialised expertise during the peer review process (use a comma to separate various required expertises).

Thematic fields *

Adaptation, Genotype-Phenotype, Life History, Population Genetics / Genomics, Reproduction and Sex

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Submission date

2016-12-13 17:28:13

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Thomas Flatt

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